Country Overview
The Solomon Islands comprise an archipelago of six main islands and several hundred smaller islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Eighty-nine Marine Protected Areas account for 402 km2 of its waters representing only a small fraction of its total marine territory of more than 1.3m km2. The national economy relies on natural resources via farming and fisheries, with 85% of people being heavily dependent on these resources for food, income and livelihood.
Projects
Total Funding For Solomon Islands
$729,124
Implementing National Awareness, Management and Recommending Policies for Dugongs and Seagrass Conservation in the Solomon Islands (SB2).
The use of seagrass habitat ecosystems are important to the livelihoods of local communities. The shallow, near-shore habitat requirements of dugongs and their slow rate of reproduction render them particularly vulnerable to human activities. Anecdotal...Mapping critical seagrass fisheries habitats in Lau Lagoon, Solomon Islands (SB3).
SB3 aims to overcome existing knowledge barriers concerning the distribution, status and ecology of seagrass ecosystems in Lau Lagoon, Malaita Province, Solomon Islands. The project will address the problem of habitat degradation and the lack...Towards better management and protection of dugongs and seagrass habitats in the Solomon Islands (SB4).
The primary objective of this project is to improve the management of community-administered marine areas through information gathering, awareness raising and integration of dugong and seagrass safeguards into management plans. It also aims to facilitate...Strengthening provincial and national capacity for project implementation in the Solomon Islands (SB5).
SB5 will strengthen national and provincial capacities for Project implementation in the Solomon Islands by establishing a National Facilitating Committee (NFC) to support the government in ensuring a coordinated approach to implementing measures to conserve...Conserving Dugongs and Seagrass Habitats in Northwest Vonavona Lagoon (SB6)
SB6 will work with local communities in Vonavona Lagoon in the Western Province of Solomon Islands to build awareness of local threats to dugongs and seagrass ecosystems, with a view to facilitating the establishment of...Spirulina Cultivation to promote Marine Habitat Conservation in the Solomon Islands (SB7)
EnerGaia aims to work with local communities, non-governmental organisations and governments to help people achieve better health, incomes and environmental outcomes, and to initiate alternative livelihood development in coastal fishing communities by piloting market-based solutions...Aluminium Recycling for Seagrass Habitat Preservation in Gizo, Solomon Islands (SB8)
The seagrass habitat surrounding Ghizo island in the Solomon Islands faces a major threat posed by the disposal of thousands of empty aluminium cans, mainly from Gizo, the capital of the Western Province. These discarded...Dugong & Seagrass Conservation in Solomon Islands
Dugong Population
There is no current information available on the status of dugong populations and little information on the distribution and abundance of dugongs, their movement between the islands and extent of suitable seagrass habitat.
Information on the dugong population in the Solomon Islands is largely based on two assessments consisting of interviews with local coastal communities conducted in 2009 and 2010. There is limited information regarding the levels of direct take.
In the 2009 survey of six provinces, the highest number of dugong sightings occurred in north-east Choiseul, Honiara bay, northern Malaita, and Marovo Lagoon and the Samasodu coast of Isabel Province and Western Province.
Seagrass Habitat
Extensive seagrass surveys were conducted in 2006 and identified ten species and 10,000 ha of seagrass beds, including a 1,000+ ha meadow in Malaita Province.
Long term seagrass monitoring continues at select sites. Malaita province was identified as containing 54% of all the Solomon Islands’ seagrass meadows and, along with Isabel Province, has reported a large number of dugong sightings.
As a result of logging activities in some areas of the Solomon Islands high sedimentation and increased turbidity in coastal waters pose major threats to seagrasses.
Cultural Significance
Dugong meat is highly prized in parts of the Solomon Islands. Hence, whilst intensive dugong hunting does not occur in the area, past surveys suggest that fishers will opportunistically kill dugongs either for food or commercial gain. Reports suggest that of 56 dugongs caught in nets (intentionally or incidentally) between 2005 and 2010, all but one were killed to eat or sell.
Whilst local hunting for dugongs continues to supply meat for feasts, cultural events and festivals, in some areas dugongs are revered as tribal totems and are therefore not consumed.
Current Threats and Conservation Measures
There is limited awareness in the Solomon Islands of the ecological importance of seagrass and dugongs. Dugongs are threatened by direct hunting and incidental by-catch, whilst marine pollution from land based activities including logging and coastal development affect seagrass health. It is thought that shipping lanes may also cause accidental dugong deaths. It is feared that the present focus on increasing development in the fisheries sector may result in the side-lining of conservation and management efforts.
Current conservation initiatives are conducted under Community-Based Resource Management (CBRM) efforts, whilst the Solomon Islands Coral Triangle Initiative National Plan of Action (NPoA) encourages a people-centred integrated resource management approach to improve food security, adaptive capacity (in the face of climate change and other pressures), and the conservation of threatened species and habitats.
Key legislation | Content |
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Environment Act (No. 8 of 1998). | Makes provision for and establishes integrated systems of development control, environment impact assessment and pollution control. Also prevents, controls and monitors pollution. |
Wildlife Management and Protection Act (No. 10 of 1998), | Provides protection, conservation and management of wildlife. |
Fisheries Act (No. 6 of 1998) | Seeks to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable utilisation of the fishery resources of the Solomon Islands for the benefit of its people; contains provisions for by-catch. |
Protected Areas Act 2010. | Establishes systems of protected areas and measures to rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, including through the development and implementation of plans and other management strategies. |
GEF Projects
The GEF Dugong and Seagrass Conservation Project in the Solomon Islands will be conducted in three provinces – Western Province (four islands), Temotu Province (one island) and Malaita Province – and comprises five components.
SB3 aims to overcome existing knowledge barriers concerning the distribution, status and ecology of seagrass ecosystems in Lau Lagoon, Malaita Province, by undertaking participatory mapping of seagrass beds and key fisheries habitats in the Lagoon.
The primary objectives of SB2 and SB4 are to increase awareness of the importance of dugong and seagrass conservation and to improve the management of community-administered marine areas by integrating dugong and seagrass safeguards into management plans. SB4 also aims to facilitate a better understanding of the status and distribution of dugongs to ensure that communities are better equipped and informed to manage resources and improve livelihoods, focusing on Marovo Lagoon, Kolombangara Island and Tetepare Island in the Western Province; and Vanikoro, Temotu Province.
Finally, SB1 and SB5 will strengthen national and provincial capacities for conservation activities and assist Project implementation in the Solomon Islands by establishing a National Facilitating Committee (NFC) to coordinate the activities of the Project partners and liaise with government.
Project Partners
Project | Title | Partner |
---|---|---|
SB1/SB5 | Strengthening provincial and national capacity for project implementation in the Solomon Islands | International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources (ICLARM / WorldFish) |
SB2 | National level awareness raising campaign to champion seagrass (& including other fisheries habitats) conservation. | Solomon Islands Community Conservation (SICCP) |
SB3 | Mapping critical seagrass fisheries habitats in Lau Lagoon, Solomon Islands | International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources (ICLARM / WorldFish) |
SB4 | Towards better management and protection of dugongs and seagrass habitats in the Solomon Islands | Solomon Islands Community Conservation Partnership (SICCP) |